Design and Installation of Gas Pipelines and Ventilation Systems in Constant Temperature and Humidity Laboratories in Guangzhou
2024.12.16
In Guangzhou, with the rapid development of scientific research, medical treatment, electronics and other industries, the importance of constant temperature and humidity laboratories has become increasingly prominent. As the key components of laboratories, the rational design and installation of gas pipelines and ventilation systems are directly related to the safety, stability of the laboratories and the accuracy of experimental results. Drawing on its rich industry experience, Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. will analyze in detail the key points of the design and installation of gas pipelines and ventilation systems in constant temperature and humidity laboratories in Guangzhou for you.
I. Key Points for the Design and Installation of Gas Pipelines
1. Analysis of Gas Types and Requirements
Before designing gas pipelines, it is necessary to first clarify the types of gases required in the laboratory, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, etc., as well as the estimated usage amount and operating pressure of each gas. Different experimental projects have different requirements for the purity, flow rate and pressure of gases. For example, in laboratories for electronic chip manufacturing, high-purity nitrogen may be used for the protective atmosphere, with extremely high requirements for its purity; while in some chemical analysis experiments, it may be necessary to precisely control the flow ratio of hydrogen and oxygen. Through meticulous analysis of gas requirements, accurate basis can be provided for subsequent pipeline selection and system design.
2. Selection of Pipeline Materials and Calculation of Pipe Diameters
Selecting appropriate pipeline materials according to the properties and pressure requirements of gases is of vital importance. For corrosive gases, such as chlorine gas and hydrogen sulfide, corrosion-resistant stainless steel pipes or special plastic pipes should be selected; for inert gases, such as nitrogen and argon, ordinary stainless steel pipes or copper pipes can be used. Meanwhile, the diameter of the pipe should be accurately calculated based on the flow rate and velocity of the gas. If the pipe diameter is too small, it may lead to excessive pressure drop of the gas, affecting the normal operation of experimental equipment; if the pipe diameter is too large, it will cause waste of resources and increase in costs. In the high-temperature and high-humidity environment of Guangzhou, the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of pipeline materials should also be considered, and expansion joints should be reasonably set to prevent the pipelines from being damaged due to temperature changes.
3. Pipeline Layout and Installation Specifications
The layout of gas pipelines should follow the principles of safety, simplicity and easy maintenance. Pipelines should be laid along walls and columns as much as possible, avoiding intersections and bends to reduce resistance losses. During the installation process, it is necessary to ensure that the connections of the pipelines are tight and leak-free. When using welding connections, the welding quality should be guaranteed and strict flaw detection tests should be carried out; when using threaded connections or flange connections, appropriate sealing materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene tape and metal spiral gaskets, should be used, and bolts should be tightened according to the standard torque. In addition, the pipelines should be properly grounded to prevent the accumulation of static electricity and the occurrence of risks. In conspicuous positions in the laboratory, clear gas flow direction signs and pipeline identification plates should be set up to facilitate the identification and maintenance by operators.
4. Gas Purification and Pressure Regulation
In order to meet the requirements of experimental gas purity, it is usually necessary to purify the gas before it enters the laboratory equipment. According to the impurity components of the gas, appropriate purification equipment, such as filters, dryers and adsorption towers, should be selected. Meanwhile, reliable pressure regulating devices, such as pressure reducing valves and pressure stabilizing valves, should be installed to stabilize the gas pressure within the range required by the experimental equipment. In the changeable climate conditions in Guangzhou, the stability of pressure regulating devices is particularly important, and they should be regularly calibrated and maintained to ensure their reliable performance.
II. Key Points for the Design and Installation of Ventilation Systems
1. Calculation of Ventilation Volume and Determination of Air Change Rate
The primary task of the ventilation system is to ensure the air quality and the balance of temperature and humidity in the laboratory. The ventilation volume should be accurately calculated according to factors such as the area, height, equipment heat generation and the number of personnel in the laboratory. Generally speaking, the air change rate of constant temperature and humidity laboratories should be determined according to the cleanliness level of the laboratory and the requirements of the experimental process, usually ranging from 10 to 60 times per hour. For experimental areas where special odors or harmful gases are generated, the air change rate should be appropriately increased. When calculating the ventilation volume, dynamic change factors during the experimental process should also be considered, and a certain margin should be reserved to ensure that the ventilation system can meet the needs of the laboratory under various working conditions.
2. Selection of Ventilation Methods and Arrangement of Air Outlets
Common ventilation methods include general ventilation and local ventilation. General ventilation is suitable for the air replacement of the entire laboratory space. Through the supply air outlets and return air outlets evenly arranged on the ceiling or walls, the overall circulation of indoor air can be achieved. Local ventilation is targeted at equipment or areas that generate harmful gases or heat, such as chemical fume hoods and high-temperature furnaces. Local exhaust hoods are set up near them to timely discharge harmful gases or heat out of the laboratory and avoid their diffusion to the entire laboratory. When arranging air outlets, attention should be paid to avoiding the occurrence of ventilation dead corners to ensure that the indoor air can circulate fully. The forms and positions of supply air outlets should be selected according to the air flow organization requirements of the laboratory, such as using diffusers and louvered air outlets, so that the fresh air sent in can be evenly distributed in the laboratory; return air outlets should be arranged in areas where the air is relatively dirty, such as near the ground or equipment exhaust ports.
3. Selection and Installation of Ventilation Equipment
Ventilation equipment mainly includes fans, air ducts and filters. The selection of fans should be determined according to the ventilation volume, wind pressure and the resistance characteristics of the system, and appropriate fan types, such as centrifugal fans and axial flow fans, should be selected to ensure that they have sufficient power and efficiency. The materials and sizes of air ducts should be designed according to the requirements of ventilation volume and wind speed. Usually, they are made of galvanized steel plates or glass fiber reinforced plastics, with good sealing and corrosion resistance. During the installation process, attention should be paid to the tight connection of air ducts to avoid air leakage. The selection of filters should be based on the cleanliness level requirements of the laboratory. For example, for Class 1000 or Class 10000 clean laboratories, high-efficiency filters should be selected to effectively filter the tiny particles in the air and ensure the air quality in the laboratory. The installation positions of ventilation equipment should be reasonable, convenient for maintenance and inspection, and effective vibration reduction measures should be taken to reduce the noise and vibration generated by the equipment during operation and their impact on the laboratory environment.
4. Control and Monitoring of Ventilation Systems
In order to achieve the efficient operation and precise control of the ventilation system, advanced control systems and monitoring devices should be equipped. The control system can automatically adjust the rotation speed of the fan, the ventilation volume and the ratio of fresh air to return air according to parameters such as the temperature and humidity of the laboratory and the concentration of harmful gases, realizing the intelligent operation of the ventilation system. The monitoring devices are used to monitor the running status of the ventilation system in real time, such as the current, voltage, rotation speed, wind pressure and ventilation volume of the fan and the resistance of the filter. Once abnormal situations occur, alarms can be given in time and fault diagnosis can be carried out. Through the effective control and monitoring of the ventilation system, the environment of the laboratory can always be kept in a stable and safe state, providing a powerful guarantee for the smooth progress of experimental work.
In conclusion, the design and installation of gas pipelines and ventilation systems in constant temperature and humidity laboratories in Guangzhou is a complex and rigorous project, which requires comprehensive consideration of numerous factors and compliance with relevant standards and regulations. Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. has a professional design team and construction team, and can provide you with a full range of solutions for gas pipelines and ventilation systems to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of your laboratory. If you encounter any problems during the construction of the laboratory, please feel free to contact us!
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