Construction Standards for Hospital Laminar Flow Clean Operating Rooms
2024.12.02
In the current era of rapid development in medical technology, hospital laminar flow clean operating rooms, as the "core battlefields" for surgical operations, have construction standards that are crucial to the success of surgeries, the safety of patients, and the quality of medical care. Guangzhou Kunling Purification Equipment Co., Ltd. will provide you with a detailed interpretation of these vital construction standards.
I. Air Purification System
1. Classification of Purification Levels
Based on the types of surgical incisions, the degree of infection risk, and the requirements for air quality, laminar flow clean operating rooms are usually divided into different purification levels such as Class 100, Class 1000, and Class 10,000. Class 100 operating rooms are mainly used for surgeries with extremely high aseptic requirements, such as joint replacement and organ transplantation. The number of dust particles with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 microns per cubic meter of air should not exceed 350. Class 1000 operating rooms are suitable for relatively precise surgeries like cardiac and ophthalmic surgeries, with relatively relaxed limits on the number of dust particles. Class 10,000 operating rooms can meet the needs of general surgical operations, with the number of dust particles restricted within a certain range.
2. Airflow Organization Pattern
A laminar airflow organization is adopted. After the air is filtered to a very high purity through high-efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA), it is delivered in a uniform and stable manner from above the operating table either vertically or horizontally, forming a unidirectional airflow in the surgical area. This effectively removes dust particles and microorganisms and prevents them from accumulating and spreading in the surgical area, thus providing a clean air environment for surgeries.
II. Layout Design
1. Clear Functional Zoning
The operating room area is strictly divided into the surgical area, the auxiliary area, and the contamination area. The surgical area is the core area, including operating rooms, scrubbing rooms, etc. The auxiliary area, such as the instrument room and the anesthesia preparation room, provides support and preparation for surgeries. The contamination area is used for handling postoperative waste and contaminants. Transitions between different areas are achieved through buffer rooms or pass-through windows to avoid cross-contamination.
2. Reasonable Passageway Arrangement
Clean passages, contaminated passages, and medical staff passages are set up. Clean passages are used for transporting sterile items and clean equipment into the surgical area. Contaminated passages are specifically designed for transporting contaminated items after surgeries. The medical staff passages ensure that medical staff can enter the surgical area conveniently and hygienically, reducing the pollution risk caused by personnel movement.
III. Decoration Materials
1. Walls and Floors
Walls are usually made of antibacterial, easy-to-clean, and seamless materials such as stainless steel plates or color steel plates. These materials can effectively prevent the growth of bacteria and facilitate post-surgery cleaning and disinfection work. The floor is made of anti-slip, wear-resistant, antistatic, and seamless materials such as rubber flooring or self-leveling floor materials to ensure the safety and cleanliness of the operating room floor.
2. Ceiling
The ceiling needs to have good airtightness and sound insulation properties. Aluminum gusset plates and other materials are commonly used. They are convenient for installing hanging devices for various surgical equipment and air supply outlets of the air purification system. Meanwhile, they also contribute to maintaining the overall aesthetics and cleanliness of the operating room.
IV. Electrical System Configuration
1. Power Supply and Distribution Requirements
Operating rooms should be equipped with independent dual power supplies to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply during surgeries and prevent surgical accidents caused by power outages. Meanwhile, emergency power supplies (such as UPS) should be set up to provide power support for key equipment for a certain period of time when the mains power is interrupted, ensuring the smooth progress of surgeries.
2. Lighting Design
The surgical area uses surgical shadowless lights as the main lighting equipment. Their light is uniform and free of shadows, providing clear vision for surgeons. At the same time, sufficient auxiliary lighting fixtures such as light strips and spotlights are equipped to meet the needs of different surgical scenarios and operational requirements. Moreover, all lighting fixtures should have good heat dissipation performance and be easy to clean.
V. Water Supply and Drainage System Planning
1. Water Supply System
Cold and hot water that meets hygienic standards should be provided. The water quality needs to undergo strict purification treatment to ensure that it is free from impurities, bacteria, and microbial contamination. The layout of pipelines should be reasonable to avoid water accumulation and leakage, and it should also be convenient for maintenance and inspection.
2. Drainage System
A dedicated sewage treatment system is adopted to centrally treat the sewage, blood water, and other wastewater generated during surgeries. The wastewater is discharged into the hospital sewage network after meeting the discharge standards. Drainage pipelines need to have anti-odor and anti-backflow functions to prevent the spread of odors and contaminants back into the operating room.
VI. Supporting Medical Equipment
1. Surgical Instruments and Equipment
A complete set of advanced surgical instruments, such as scalpels, forceps, and scissors, as well as various specialized surgical equipment, such as electrosurgical units, ultrasonic scalpels, anesthesia machines, and monitors, should be equipped to meet the needs of different surgical types. All equipment should be regularly maintained and calibrated to ensure its stable and reliable performance.
2. Communication and Information Systems
Complete communication equipment such as internal telephones and intercoms should be installed to facilitate timely communication between people inside and outside the operating room. Meanwhile, a medical information management system should be equipped to achieve digital recording, storage, and transmission of surgical information, improving the efficiency and quality of surgical management.
The construction of hospital laminar flow clean operating rooms is a complex and systematic project that requires strict adherence to various construction standards. It involves careful design and construction in multiple aspects, including air purification, layout, decoration, and equipment support. Guangzhou Kunling Purification Equipment Co., Ltd., relying on its rich experience and professional technology, can provide hospitals with comprehensive operating room construction solutions, helping to create a safe, efficient, and clean surgical environment and safeguarding the health of patients.
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